瞬態過電壓是指在極短時間內發生的高電壓脈衝，可能持續幾微秒到幾毫秒。這些過電壓不屬於設備正常運作的工作電壓範圍，但必須被考慮進安全設計，因為它們足以擊穿絕緣或設備損壞。
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不會。海拔高度只會影響空氣的介電強度，因此只會調整「間隙距離」；爬電距離設計不受高度影響。
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衰减原因：高温高湿下，水汽渗透到表面处理层，溶解残留离子（如助焊剂、金属离子）形成 “电解液”，离子在偏压作用下迁移，让绝缘电阻降低 —— 就像橡胶吸水后变潮湿，导电能力变强；
不行。兩者是獨立的安全設計參數，爬電距離用於防止表面漏電，間隙距離則防止空氣放電。缺一不可，需分別依標準查表計算。
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爬電距離的選擇以日常運行時的額定工作電壓為依據，工作電壓越高，對絕緣的需求越大，所需爬電距離也越長。
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．介質不同：間隙距離依賴空氣的絕緣能力，而爬電距離取決於固體絕緣材料表面的性能。
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